---
title_en: "Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Data Administration on Establishing a Price Formation Mechanism for the Authorized Operation of Public Data Resources"
title_zh: "国家发展改革委、国家数据局关于建立公共数据资源授权运营价格形成机制的通知"
abbreviation: "Public Data Authorized Operation Pricing Notice"
hierarchy: "rule"
issuing_body: "National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and National Data Administration (NDA)"
adopted_date: 2025-01-16
effective_date: 2025-03-01
status: "effective"
related_laws: ["public-data-development-utilization-opinions", "public-data-authorized-operation-specifications", "public-data-registration-interim-measures", "public-data-authorized-operation-disclosure-notice", "public-data-governance-cost-pooling-pilot-notice", "data-foundation-system-opinions"]
domains: ["data-economy"]
url: https://datacompliancechina.com/laws/public-data-authorized-operation-pricing-notice/
summary: "Issued by the NDRC and the National Data Administration on January 16, 2025 as 发改价格〔2025〕65号 and effective March 1, 2025, this Notice is the pricing leg of the January 2025 public-data package that also produced the Authorized Operation Specifications and the Registration Interim Measures. It gives operational form to the central Opinions' rule that public data products used for public governance and public welfare are free while those used for industrial and sectoral development may carry a 'public data operation service fee' under government-guided pricing. The mechanism is three-tiered: the development-and-reform authority, together with the data administration authority, fixes an operating institution's maximum permitted revenue on a cost-recovery-plus-reasonable-profit basis (permitted profit margin capped at the ten-year treasury yield plus six percentage points); the authorizing entity sets ceiling fee standards by product and reports them in writing; the operating institution prices below the ceiling. Revenue is re-evaluated at least every three years, with over-collection clawed back, plus an annual adjustment rule keyed to a ten-percent deviation. Operators must keep separate accounts and publish their fee lists. For overseas counsel, this is the document that defines what a licensed public-data product may lawfully cost in China."
---

> **Source: Data Compliance China** — https://datacompliancechina.com/laws/public-data-authorized-operation-pricing-notice/ · English rendering and annotations by DCC; the Chinese original governs. Cite as: Data Compliance China, "Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Data Administration on Establishing a Price Formation Mechanism for the Authorized Operation of Public Data Resources", https://datacompliancechina.com/laws/public-data-authorized-operation-pricing-notice/
**Promulgated by:** National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and National Data Administration (NDA).  
**Document No.:** 发改价格〔2025〕65号 (Fa Gai Jia Ge [2025] No. 65).  
**Issued January 16, 2025. Effective March 1, 2025.**

> *Translation note — DCC. Translated in full from the official Chinese text
> as reproduced in the WKInfo database (departmental normative document;
> five numbered items plus the closing implementation paragraph).
> Terminology follows DCC's bilingual glossary. The Notice implements item
> (6) of the [Public Data Development and Utilization Opinions](/laws/public-data-development-utilization-opinions/)
> and Article 17 of the [Authorized Operation Implementation Specifications](/laws/public-data-authorized-operation-specifications/).*

---

To the relevant central departments; all ministries, commissions and directly affiliated bodies of the State Council; the Supreme People's Court; the Supreme People's Procuratorate; the relevant people's organizations; the development and reform commissions and data administration authorities of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government and of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps; and the relevant central enterprises:

In order to implement the *Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Building a Fundamental Data System to Better Leverage the Role of Data as a Factor of Production* and the *Opinions of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council on Accelerating the Development and Utilization of Public Data Resources*, establish a price formation mechanism for the authorized operation of public data resources, and promote the compliant and efficient circulation and use of public data resources, notice is hereby given on the relevant matters as follows.

**1. Clarifying the scope of pricing and the authority for administration.** The regions, departments and entities that carry out the authorized operation of public data resources (hereinafter, "authorizing entities" (授权主体)) shall register public data resources in accordance with relevant provisions and authorize qualified operating institutions (hereinafter, "operating institutions") to carry out data governance and development and to provide data products and services fairly to the market. Authorizing entities shall guide operating institutions in establishing lists of the data products and service items that can be provided under application scenarios of each kind; those used for public governance and public-welfare undertakings shall be provided free of charge, and for those used for industrial development and sectoral development a public data operation service fee may be charged. Public data operation service fees shall be subject to government-guided pricing administration. Among these, data products and services registered by a registration institution established or designated by the national data administration authority shall be included in the central pricing catalogue in accordance with procedures; those registered by a registration institution established or designated by a local data administration authority shall be included in the local pricing catalogue in accordance with procedures, and in principle the fee standards shall be formulated by the provincial-level development and reform department together with the data administration authority and other departments; where genuinely necessary, the people's government at the prefecture level or above may be authorized to formulate them.

**2. Regulating the pricing procedure.** In formulating public data operation service fee standards, the development and reform department shall, together with the data administration authority, verify and determine the maximum permitted revenue of the operating institution; within the maximum permitted revenue, the authorizing entity shall formulate ceiling fee standards for products and services of each kind and report them in writing to the development and reform department and the data administration authority; and the operating institution shall determine specific fee standards within a range not exceeding the ceiling fee standards.

Where no complete year of operating results is yet available, the authorizing entity shall guide the operating institution in formulating trial fee standards for the public data operation service fee. Where a complete year of operating results is available, the authorizing entity shall submit a written application in accordance with its pricing administration authority, and after the development and reform department, together with the data administration authority, has assessed that a basis for pricing exists, the public data operation service fee standards shall be formulated in accordance with the procedure above.

**3. Formulating the maximum permitted revenue and the ceiling fee standards.**

(1) Scientifically verifying and determining the maximum permitted revenue. The development and reform department shall, together with the data administration authority, verify and determine the maximum permitted revenue in accordance with the principle of "recovering costs and earning a reasonable profit." The maximum permitted revenue comprises operating costs, permitted profit and taxes. Operating costs refer to the reasonable expenses, net of government subsidies, incurred by the operating institution in the course of providing data products and services used for industrial development and sectoral development, mainly including the costs of constructing and operating and maintaining platforms related to authorized operation; the costs of data transmission, aggregation, storage and governance; human resource costs; expenditures related to obtaining public data resources; and period expenses — to be determined specifically through cost investigation. Permitted profit shall be determined as operating costs multiplied by the permitted profit margin. The permitted profit margin shall be determined as the average yield on ten-year treasury bonds in the year preceding the cost investigation plus not more than six percentage points, the specific figure to be clarified by the development and reform department with pricing authority together with the data administration authority. Taxes shall be handled in accordance with the State's current relevant provisions.

(2) Reasonably formulating the ceiling fee standards. Authorizing entities shall formulate ceiling fee standards taking into overall consideration the use of data, computing power, storage and other resources by products and services of each kind under different application scenarios, the input of human resources, the scale of sales, and other factors. Fees may specifically be charged on the basis of the number of products, the number of service instances, service duration, the volume of data calls, or other such forms.

**4. Establishing a system of periodic assessment and adjustment.** The development and reform department shall, together with the data administration authority, carry out periodic assessments of the maximum permitted revenue of operating institutions and other such matters, and promptly adjust and improve the relevant policies. The assessment cycle shall in principle not exceed three years. The portion of actual revenue in the preceding cycle that exceeded the maximum permitted revenue shall be deducted when verifying and determining the maximum permitted revenue for the next cycle; where the excess is relatively large, it may be smoothed across different cycles.

Within an assessment cycle, the authorizing entity shall each year, according to the operating institution's actual revenue, scale of sales and other circumstances, guide it in reasonably adjusting its fee standards. Where actual revenue for the year deviates from the maximum permitted revenue by 10% or less, the authorizing entity shall guide the operating institution in adjusting its specific fee standards; where the deviation exceeds 10%, the authorizing entity shall adjust the ceiling fee standards.

**5. Strengthening guidance and supervision.** The development and reform department and the data administration authority shall, together with the authorizing entity, guide operating institutions in establishing and improving internal price management systems, in separately accounting for and accurately recording the operating costs, revenue and other particulars of the authorized operation of public data resources, and in promptly adjusting fees that are priced too high or that draw strong public reaction; shall promote the timely public announcement by operating institutions of their lists of data product and service items and the related fee standards; and shall, in close cooperation with the relevant departments, investigate and deal with in accordance with the law conduct such as failure to comply with the relevant provisions on sectoral administration, failure to implement government-guided prices, price fraud, and failure to clearly mark prices as prescribed.

By the end of March each year, the authorizing entity shall submit to the development and reform department and the data administration authority a report on the operating institution's business performance in the preceding year. The report shall include the operating institution's overall business condition; the cost expenditures, actual revenue and profit from carrying out authorized operation; the scale of sales and revenue of specific products and services; the deviation of actual revenue from the maximum permitted revenue; the adjustment of fee standards; and other such matters.

All regions and relevant departments shall attach great importance to the work relating to the price formation mechanism for the authorized operation of public data resources, strengthen overall coordination of the work, strengthen policy linkage, and promote the effective alignment of pricing policy with sectoral administration policy so that they form a combined force. Where a local people's government is the authorizing entity, the department it designates shall be responsible for the work of the authorizing entity under this Notice. Where a public utility enterprise carries out authorized operation, its sectoral competent authority shall be responsible for the work of the authorizing entity with reference to the provisions of this Notice. Localities or sectors with a sound foundation in the development and utilization of public data resources are encouraged to explore actively, enrich application scenarios, and innovate products and services. When releasing pricing policies related to the authorized operation of public data resources, publicity shall be actively strengthened, policy interpretation reinforced, and public concerns responded to in a timely manner.

This Notice shall come into force on March 1, 2025.

National Development and Reform Commission  
National Data Administration  
January 16, 2025